Cancer Marker Test (Tumor Marker Test)

Cancer marker tests, also known as tumor marker tests, are specialized blood tests that measure the levels of certain proteins or substances produced by cancer cells or by the body in response to cancer. These tests are often used alongside imaging and biopsy to help diagnose, monitor, and manage different types of cancer.

Uses of Cancer Marker Tests

• Early detection and diagnosis of certain cancers
• Monitoring cancer treatment response (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery)
• Checking for cancer recurrence after treatment
• Identifying cancer progression or spread
• Supporting differential diagnosis when combined with other investigations

Types of Cancer Marker Tests

• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) – for prostate cancer
• CA-125 – for ovarian cancer
• Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) – for liver & testicular cancers
• Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) – for colorectal & pancreatic cancer
• CA 19-9 – for pancreatic & gastrointestinal cancers
• CA 15-3 / CA 27.29 – for breast cancer
• Beta-hCG – for testicular & gestational trophoblastic tumors
• Thyroglobulin (Tg) – for thyroid cancer monitoring
• Chromogranin A (CgA) – for neuroendocrine tumors

Preparation for Cancer Marker Tests

• Generally, no fasting or special preparation is required
• Inform your doctor about any ongoing medications, supplements, or existing health conditions
• Some tests may require avoidance of certain foods, alcohol, or strenuous exercise before testing (as advised by doctor)
• Follow specific instructions provided for individual tumor marker tests

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are cancer markers?
Cancer markers are substances, often proteins, that are found in blood, urine, or tissues. Elevated levels may indicate the presence of cancer.

2. Can a cancer marker test alone diagnose cancer?
No, cancer marker tests cannot confirm cancer on their own. They are used along with imaging, biopsy, and other tests.

3. Who should get cancer marker tests?
People with a family history of cancer, those undergoing cancer treatment, or patients being monitored for recurrence may be advised to take these tests.

4. Do high cancer marker levels always mean cancer?
Not necessarily. Some markers can also be elevated in non-cancerous conditions like infections, inflammation, or liver disease.

5. How often should cancer marker tests be done?
Frequency depends on whether it’s for screening, monitoring treatment, or follow-up. Your doctor will decide the schedule.

6. Are there risks in the test?
No major risks. It’s a simple blood test with minimal discomfort.

7. Can these tests detect all types of cancer?
No, only certain cancers have identifiable markers. Other cancers may not show up in marker tests.

8. Why are multiple tests sometimes recommended together?
Because no single marker is specific for all cancers, combining tests improves diagnostic accuracy.